Efficient Adsorption of Lead and Chemical Oxygen Demand from Paint Industry Wastewater by Modified Flamboyant Pods
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63746/njtd.v22i1.3118Keywords:
Flamboyant Pod, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube , Chemical Oxygen Demand , Lead , WastewaterAbstract
The removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from industrial wastewater remains a critical challenge, particularly in the paint industry, where effluents contain high levels of lead (Pb²âº) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). This study investigates the adsorption of Pb2+ and COD from paint industry wastewater using carbonized Flamboyant Pod Carbon (FPC) and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) modified FPC (FPC/p-MWCNTs) adsorbents. The adsorbents were characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) to determine their surface area, crystallinity, morphological structure, and elemental properties, respectively. Batch adsorption experiments assessed the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also studied. The adsorption process reached equilibrium within 30 minutes for FPC and FPC/p-MWCNTs, whereas pristine MWCNTs required 50 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) of FPC and FPC/p-MWCNTs for Pb²⺠were 4.08 mg/g and 4.73 mg/g, respectively, while COD adsorption capacities reached 5000 mg/g for both adsorbents. The highest removal efficiencies recorded at optimal conditions (50°C, 0.16 g adsorbent dosage) were 92.5 and 92.06% for Pb²⺠and COD using FPC, and 93 and 92.61% using FPC/p-MWCNTs, respectively. Adsorption isotherms studies revealed that Pb²⺠adsorption followed the Freundlich model, indicating multilayer adsorption, while COD adsorption conformed to the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. The kinetic data were best fitted to pseudo-second-order model, and thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. These findings demonstrate the potential of both FPC and FPC/p-MWCNTs as effective and sustainable adsorbents for industrial wastewater treatment.
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