Submissions

Author Guidelines

Aim and Scope

The Nigerian Journal of Technological Development (NJTD) publishes high-quality articles focusing on all aspects of Engineering and Applied Sciences. All manuscripts are double-blind peer-reviewed and, if found suitable, published according to the subject matter, either as full-length research articles or review papers. Short Communications and Technical Notes are also invited. Our publications are scheduled for March, June, September and December every year. Henceforth, publications of issues will no longer be delayed but will be published as soon as the paper processing is completed.

Submission of Manuscript
Submission of a manuscript is on the condition that it is an original work of the author(s) and it has neither been published previously nor currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. Authors should submit the electronic copy of their manuscript directly to the journal through the journal's website using the online submission system. Please note that manuscript submissions to NJTD are strictly done via the submission management system. Hard copy submissions to the editorial office or manuscripts sent by email for submission WILL NOT BE ENTERTAINED. However, attention will be given to any support regarding uploading papers to the platform.
After the manuscript has been submitted, a confirmation screen will be displayed, and an email confirmation will be sent to the corresponding author stating that the manuscript has been successfully submitted. If the confirmation message is not received, the manuscript has not been successfully submitted to the journal; hence, no paper processing can be initiated. If this is the case, the manuscript will remain in the 'Incomplete' section of the 'Author Page' awaiting further attention.
To track the submission's progress through the review and editorial process, log into the journal website and choose the role of Author. Then, click on the linked title to go to the submission record.

Preparation of the Manuscript
Manuscripts should be written in English Language and typed in 12-point font size using Times New Roman in 1.5 line spacing on A4 paper setting. A margin of 25 mm should be left at the sides. The manuscripts should be between 12 and 20 pages for Full Length Research Papers, 20 and 30 Pages for Review Papers, and not more than 5 pages for Short Communications/Technical Notes, all including illustrations (figures and tables) for normal submissions. Manuscripts extending beyond the set paper length will be processed at a specified extra cost per page. The text should be in single-column format. The main paper should be a blind manuscript, i.e., without the Author(s)' details. The manuscript should be organised under the following headings:

Title Page 
The Title Page should contain only the article's title, author(s)' names, and contact details such as institutional affiliations, e-mail addresses of all the authors indicating that of the corresponding author, and phone number(s). The page also contains the abstract of the article and the contributions of each of the authors. Also, details of three suggested reviewers with full affiliations, key research areas, and contact email addresses MUST be included. The Title Page should be uploaded by selecting the "Title Page" on the Author's portal during the submission process. The file containing this document should be named Title_Page.

The Anonymised Manuscript (Blind Manuscript)

The manuscript should contain the title of the article, the abstract, and five or six keywords. However, it must NOT contain any author's details. All authors' details MUST be supplied via the online submission platform. Upon acceptance and subsequent publication, only Author(s) whose details were provided on the portal during the submission will be published via the website. However, this will not affect the authors' details on the main published file. The anonymised file should be named Manuscript and uploaded on the portal by selecting "Article Text" during the submission process.

Organisation of the Manuscript:

The manuscript should be organised under the following headings:

TITLE

A good title should be concise, accurate, and informative and should inform the reader exactly what the article is all about. Incorporating some relevant keywords in your title is vital to make your article more discoverable in online searches. Please note that the article title should not exceed seventeen (17) words and should be in title case letters.

ABSTRACT  

The abstract is a brief summary of the research work, usually in a paragraph. It should clearly define the problems of the study, the methodology adopted, the results, and the findings. Citation of previous works is not allowed in the abstract. Abstracts are expected to be stand-alone and capable of providing fast and complete yet short information about the article. Articles to be submitted to NJTD should not exceed 300 words. Authors should pay attention to this word limit!

KEYWORDS  

Five or six relevant keywords, separated by a comma, should be provided in the manuscript. Please avoid the use of acronyms as much as possible.

KEYWORDS SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS

Symbols and abbreviations should be defined where first mentioned. If there are many symbols, a notation describing the symbols must be included between the abstract and the introduction. SI units should be used except for calibrations and measurements in other units.

I. INTRODUCTION

This should include the study's background, a brief review of the literature, and clearly stated objectives. The last paragraph should delve into the work's contributions and the structure of the rest of the paper.

II. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

Mathematical principles or theories used should be included as appropriate.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS/METHODOLOGY/EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

This section should include apparatus and equipment setup, work materials, design, and experimental methods, as applicable. Please note that no section or sub-section exists without at least a paragraph.

A. Sub-section One

The heading of a sub-section should be in title case letters, as illustrated here. In other words, the first letter of an important word must be in upper case letter. 

B. Sub-section Two

The introductory statements should be in the normal 12-point font size. A sub-section may have sub sub-sections, which are illustrated below in 1) and 2).

1) Sub sub-section one

A sub-sub-section heading should have a sentence case, in which case it is only the first letter of the heading that would be in the upper case letter. Others will be in lowercase letters.

2) Sub sub-section two

Same as 1) above.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results could be presented in descriptive, tabular, or graphical form. Information presented in tables should not be repeated as figures. Discussion should be focused on interpreting experimental findings/simulations. This may be broken down into different sub-sections and sub-subsections, as discussed in Section III above.

A. Tables and Figures

Tables and Figures should be placed as close as possible to the first place of reference in the text. References should be made to all the tables and figures, and each must be discussed in the manuscript. Authors should endeavour to supply exceptionally high-quality figures. Editable charts must be provided while “copy and paste” figures must be avoided as much as possible.

It should be noted that good-quality articles can be denied publication in NJTD due to poor-quality figures and tables.

B. Equations

All mathematical or chemical equations are considered as text and should be typed using Microsoft Equation Editor or MathType in Word. These equations should be numbered sequentially, referenced, and discussed in the text. Equation numbers should be enclosed in parentheses and aligned towards the text's right-hand margin. If detailed derivation is needed, it should be placed in an appendix. Each equation should appear on its own line and be indented from the left margin of the text. 

V. CONCLUSION

The conclusion should be a brief summary of the findings. It should clearly state the contributions, relevance of the findings, and recommendations, as appropriate. It is usually reported in the past tense form.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

For transparency, authors should submit an author statement outlining individual contributions to the paper using the following roles: conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, and Writing - original draft, writing - review, and editing.

For example, J. K. Odusote: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. M. F. Akorede: Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. G. A. Olarinoye: Writing- review & editing.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT(S) 

Acknowledgement of the individuals, institutions, or research granting bodies who provided help during the research should be collated in a separate section at the end of the article before the references. It should, therefore, not be included on the title page as a footnote to the title or otherwise. Henceforth, acknowledgement must be provided for all accepted articles before publication.

REFERENCES 
The Harvard system (alphabetical listing) of referencing should be used in the body of the manuscript, while only essential references must be cited and listed. Examples of citing references include: Omeiza (2012) or (Omeiza, 2012) as appropriate; Olaniyan and Oje (2002) or (Olaniyan and Oje, 2002) as appropriate; Ogunlela et al. (2006) or (Ogunlela et al., 2006) as appropriate. Examples of listing references are as follows: 
Books
Adedayo, S. M. (2000). Graphics for Engineers. Indemac Publishers, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Journals
Omeiza, I. O. A. (2012). An Investigation on the Problem of Thinning in Fingerprint Processing. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 9 (1): 26 - 36.
Olaniyan, A. M. and Oje, K. (2002). Some Aspects of the Mechanical Properties of Shea Nuts. Biosystems Engineering, 81 (4): 413-420.
Ogunlela, A. O.; M. Y. Kasali and I. E. Ahaneku. (2006). Hydrologic Characterization of the National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM) Watershed. Journal of Science and Technology Research, 5 (3): 69-73.
Conference Papers
Akorede, M. F., and Hizam, H. (2009). Teaching power system analysis courses using MATPOWER. Paper presented at International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED2009), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 45-51, USA: IEEE.
Reports, Thesis and Dissertation
Abioye, A. M. (2001). Design of Engineering Power Transmission Elements using Visual Basic. Unpublished M.Eng. Thesis, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Web Publications
Anderson, T. (1996). A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Available online at: www.emp.pdx.edu/dea/homedea.html. Accessed on March 7, 2013.

Tables and Figures
Tables and Figures should be placed as close as possible to the first place of reference in the manuscript. All tables and figures in the manuscript should be referenced. In addition, all Tables and Figures should be attached to the submission portal as separate documents.

Suggested Reviewers
A list of at least three suggested reviewers should be provided with their current institutional affiliations and email addresses. This list should be on the title page, placed after the keywords. However, the Managing Editor reserves the right to determine the appropriate reviewers to review your manuscript. This request is mainly to populate our database of reviewers in diverse fields.

Subscription and Advertisement
The subscription and advertisement rates can be obtained from the Editor-in-Chief, the Managing Editor, or the Business Manager. Current and past volumes of the journal are available in Room G11, Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin; at Options Bookshop, Ibadan; or at Jasper Books Nig. Ltd, Ilorin, for sale at a reduced price.

Submission Checklist

The following list will be helpful during the final checking of your article prior to sending it to the journal for review. Please ensure that the following items are present:

Complimentary Copies

Since authors can always download their published papers from our website at www.njtd.com.ng, the author's complimentary copy shall no longer be sent to the authors. However, any author requiring a print version of the journal shall pay a sum of four thousand Naira (N10,000:00) per copy.

NJTD Publication Ethics

The Nigerian Journal of Technological Development (NJTD) observes ethical standards for its publications to ensure high quality and public trust in scientific findings and that credits are given to the original owners of the ideas used by authors. To this end, members of the public are requested to take note of the following information:

Data fabrication and falsification: NJTD takes exception to the fabrication and falsification of data used in works submitted to the journal. Published articles that are later discovered to be guilty of this offence shall be retracted, and such information shall be publicised to our readership immediately.

Plagiarism detection: NJTD uses anti-plagiarism software to detect matches between submissions and existing texts. Any submission with a similarity index greater than 25% will be returned to the corresponding author for rework before passing it to peer review. However, a manuscript with a significantly high similarity index will be rejected instantly at that level.

Multiple submissions: It is unethical for authors to submit a single manuscript to different journals concurrently. Authors who desire to submit an already submitted article with another journal must forward to the NJTD Managing Editor evidence of withdrawal from the first journal.

Redundant publications: This means publishing different versions of a similar manuscript based on the same experiment or study. It can easily result in self-plagiarism, which authors should avoid.

Improper author contribution or attribution: Authors are advised to ensure that all listed authors make a significant scientific contribution to the research in the manuscript before listing their names as co-authors.

COPE policies: NJTD endorses the policies of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), including those that cover overlapping publications.

Peer review process: Authors are encouraged to download the article processing flowchart from our homepage. The document summarises the peer review process used by NJTD.

Confidentiality of submissions: Reviewers are strongly advised against showing or discussing manuscripts allocated to them with colleagues and/or the authors. This is necessary to keep the submitted document as confidential as possible. This warning also applies to invited reviewers who decline the review invitation.

Reviewer's promptness: Any invited referee who does not possess the required expertise or has it but will be unavailable to carry out the assignment is requested to notify the Managing Editor to decline the review invitation immediately. This is necessary to avoid any unnecessary delay in the peer review process. 

Notification of fundamental errors in published works: The authors who discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their own published work must promptly notify the Managing Editor to take appropriate action in due course.

Access to journal contents: The publisher, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Ilorin, is committed to ensuring that published scholarly research findings are permanently available online and in print. This would guarantee express access to them at any time.

Article Publication Charge 

The Nigerian Journal of Technological Development (NJTD) is an open-access journal. As a result, publishing an article in the Journal requires an Article Publication Charge (APC), which will be billed following the article's acceptance. Aside from this, except for extra pages, the Journal does not impose any other charge on the author, be it a submission charge, article processing charge, or colour charge.

The APC will be charged based on the lead author's affiliation. If the lead author has dual affiliations, the affiliation of where the work was carried out will be used. For all submissions made commencing from April 2025, APC will be applied as follows:

Local Papers: Papers with its first author's affiliation linked with a Nigerian university - One hundred thousand naira (N100,000) only (This charge applies for submission maintaining a 20-page limit for regular research papers and a 30-page limit for review papers. Please note that every additional page will be processed at N5,000 per page). The same APC applies to short communications/technical notes, but they should not exceed 7 pages.

Foreign Papers: Papers with its first author's affiliation linked with universities outside Nigeria - Two hundred and fifty dollars ($250 USD) exclusive of 7.5% VAT. (This charge applies for submission, maintaining a 20-page limit for regular research papers and a 30-page limit for review papers. Please note that every additional page will be processed at $15 per page).

Please note that the author's primary affiliation is referenced for a lead author having more than one affiliation. The APC is non-refundable once the article is published online. Payment can be made by International Bank wire transfer, Western Union Money Transfer, MoneyGram, or Online money transfer. The Managing Editor will send payment instructions to the corresponding author after the paper is accepted. The evidence of payment should be uploaded to the portal against submission immediately after payment.