Flood Hazard Assessment and Mapping in River- Rima Floodplain, Birnin Kebbi-Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63746/njtd.v22i1.2862Keywords:
GIS, Flood Hazard Map, Multi-criterion Analysis, Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP)Abstract
Floods pose a significant threat to people and their properties, primarily due to the limited attention given to flood hazard analysis and area assessment. The River Rima floodplain in Birnin Kebbi is particularly prone to severe and frequent flooding, which has destroyed homes, farmland, and caused loss of lives. This floodplain is of critical importance due to its agricultural productivity, supporting rice cultivation and other farming activities that are vital for local livelihoods and food security. This study focuses on assessing and mapping the flood hazard zones of the Rima River floodplain by utilizing an integrated approach combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS). The flood hazard indicators for the area were identified through an extensive review of literature, field surveys, and consultations with experts. The study pinpointed six critical indicators for flood hazard assessment: rainfall (19%), elevation (22%), slope (38%), drainage network density (6%), soil type (4%), and land use (11%). Among these, slope, elevation, and rainfall were the most significant factors in flood hazard mapping. The analysis revealed that high to moderate flood hazard zones account for 27.6% (285.99 km²) and 22.8% (236.25 km²) of the area, affecting regions such as Jawo, Anguwar Sani, Anguwar Kayi, Anguwar Gero, Makerah, Maurida Wuro Maliki, and Kola. The flood hazard map indicates that approximately 50.4% (522.24 km²) of the area is at risk of flooding. This research is vital for developing new policies and strategic plans to help the government and aid organizations mitigate the adverse effects of flooding in the region.
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