Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of FDM-Printed PLA and ABS Polymers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63746/njtd.v23i3.4608Keywords:
3D printing, Fused deposition modeling, layer height, build orientation, hardness, tensile strengthAbstract
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely adopted technique for polymer fabrication, but the mechanical performance of printed components is dependent on process parameters. While build orientation and layer height have been extensively studied in relation to tensile strength, their influence on hardness remains scarcely explored. This study investigated the influence of layer height (0.12, 0.20, and 0.28 mm) and build orientation (X, Y, and Z) on tensile strength, ductility, and microhardness of PLA and ABS polymers. Tensile testing (ASTM D638) and Vickers microhardness measurements (ASTM E384) were conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc testing. Results showed that build orientation was the dominant factor affecting tensile properties, with X? and Y?axis specimens consistently outperforming Z?axis specimens. PLA exhibited a maximum UTS of 45.79 ± 5.15 MPa at 0.28 mm in the X?orientation, while ABS reached 39.19 ± 2.93 MPa at 0.12 mm in the X?orientation. Ductility was higher in X- and Y-orientations (up to 22.33% for ABS) compared to Z (~17%). Microhardness increased with decreasing layer height, with PLA at 0.12 mm in the Y?orientation attaining the highest value of 28.92?±?1.05?HV. These findings provide practical guidance for optimizing FDM parameters to enhance mechanical performance.
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