Enhancing The Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Denture Bases Using Ceramic Nanoparticle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63746/njtd.v23i1.3972Keywords:
Ceramic nanoparticles, Denture bases, Mechanical properties, Polymethylmethacrylate, ReinforcementAbstract
Despite Polymethyl Methacrylate’s (PMMA) biocompatibility and aesthetic advantages, concerns remain about its poor mechanical properties when used to fabricate synthetic dentures. A thorough review of the mechanical and physical properties enhancement of PMMA dentures using ceramic nanoparticles needs to be carried out to understand and optimize PMMA-based dentures' strength and durability in the oral environment. Thus, this systematic review is aimed at presenting a comprehensive review of the effects of ceramic nanoparticle reinforcements on the mechanical and physical properties of PMMA denture bases, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Using the keywords "PMMA denture reinforcement" and "ceramic nanoparticles," many search engines, including Scopus, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar, were used to find academic publications published between 1997 and 2025. A total of 250 articles were found using these search parameters. The inclusion principle was then used to reduce the gathered results to 145 citations for this analysis. The mechanical and physical properties of PMMA dentures reinforced with various ceramic nanoparticles are reviewed, with a focus on zirconia nanoparticle-reinforced PMMA denture bases. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, hardness, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, and transverse strength were reviewed. The in-vitro studies reviewed showed that the mechanical properties of PMMA denture composites were significantly improved by ceramic nanoparticles, demonstrating their effectiveness as reinforcing fillers. 3D-printed dentures, which exemplify how digital technology is transforming dental prosthetics, were reviewed. Hybrid reinforcement systems that leverage the synergistic effects of different filler types to improve denture performance were also highlighted.
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