Toward the Improvement of Port Construction in African Bays : A Literature Review of Scientific Advances on the Seismic Stability of Rubble Mound Breakwaters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63746/njtd.v22i5.3957Keywords:
Rubble mound breakwater, Seismic vulnerability, Stability, Reinforcement, Coastal infrastructureAbstract
The progressive integration of African port infrastructures into global maritime networks underscores the strategic importance of ensuring the seismic stability of coastal engineering structures that support resource exports and economic development. This review synthesizes current knowledge on rubble-mound breakwaters, emphasizing their behavior and stability under seismic loading. It examines documented damages to ports and breakwaters during major earthquakes and analyzes empirical data and case studies illustrating the impact of seismic loads on these structures. The paper also reviews experimental, numerical, and analytical approaches used to assess breakwater stability and explores reinforcement strategies aimed at improving seismic resilience. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the damages and advances in enhancing the performance of rubble-mound breakwaters under seismic conditions, offering valuable insights for engineers and researchers in structural engineering.
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