High Impedance Fault Arc Analysis on 11 kV Distribution Networks

Authors

  • P. I. Obi Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia state, Nigeria
  • E. A. Amako Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia state, Nigeria
  • C. S. Ezeonye Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia state, Nigeria

Keywords:

High Impedance faults, Electric arc, Transiemts, Single-line-to-ground fault, Double-line-to-ground fault

Abstract

This paper presents a study of high impedance fault (HIF) arc analysis on 6 km 11 kV distribution network from New Haven to New NNPC, Enugu State. These HIF currents have low fault current ratings and are not readily detected by the distribution sub-station relays and protective equipment. This was realized with the aid of MATLAB. Firstly, the HIF was modelled based on the electric arc theory method for single line-to-ground and double line-to-ground faults, when the 11 kV New-haven to New NNPC Enugu distribution line interfaces with a dry asphalt ground surface. The HIF was incident on the midpoint of the distribution line between the switching times of the circuit breaker from 0.02 to 0.05 seconds. The results showed that for single line-to-ground and double line-to-ground faults, a peak current magnitude of 12.4 A and 2280 A were seen respectively and initial spikes due to arcing in the system voltages at the initial switching times of 0.02 seconds. The corresponding residual currents Ib and Ic are very small with a peak spike of 0.3 A and 1.9 A for double line-to-ground fault (BC-G). These spikes are because of the impact of the initial transients caused by the arc flames as its quenches and re-ignites.

References

An, J.; C. Zhuang; F. Rachidi and R. Zeng. (2020). An Effective EMTR-Based High-Impedance Fault Location Method for Transmission Lines. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 63(1): 268-276.

Bhakat, A.; N. B. Roy and P. B. Deb. (2021). High Impedance Fault Analysis in Transmission Line using S-Transform Analysis Different Types of Fault in Transmission Line. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9 (11): 275-280.

Fan, R. and Yin, T. (2019). Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning for High Impedance Fault Detection. arXiv: Signal Processing, 1(1) 1-3.

Ghaderi, A.; H. L. Ginn and H. A. Mohammadpour. (2017). High Impedance Fault Detection: A Review. Electric Power Systems Research, 143 (1): 376-388.

Gomes, D. P. S. and Ozansoy, C. (2020). High-Impedance Faults in Power Distribution Systems: A Narrative of the Field's Developments. Available online at: https://engrxiv.org/index.php/engrxiv. Accessed on January 28, 2022.

Gonen, T. (2016). Modern Power System Analysis, 2nd Ed. CRC Press, London, New York.

Gonen, T. (2014). Electric Power Distribution Engineering, 3rd Ed. CRC Press, London, New York.

Hoseinzadeh, B.; M. H. Amini; C. L. Bak and F. Blaabierg. (2018). High Impedance DC Fault Detection and Localization in HVDC Transmission Lines Using Harmonic Analysis. Paper presented at IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), Palermo, Italy, 1-4.

Iurinic, L. U.; A. R. Herrera-Orozco; R. G. Ferraz and A. S. Bretas. (2016). Distribution Systems High-Impedance Fault Location: A Parameter Estimation Approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 31(4): 1806-1814.

Jena, P. and Pradhan, A. K. (2012). Detection of High Impedance Fault. Available online at: https://www.iitk.ac.in/npsc/Papers/. Accessed on June 20, 2021.

Kavaskar, S. and Mohanty, N. K. (2019). Detection of High Impedance Fault in Distribution Networks. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10 (1): 5-13.

Maximov, S.; V. Torres; H. F. Ruiz and J. L. Guardado. (2014). Analytical Model for High Impedance Fault Analysis in Transmission Lines. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014 (1): 1-10.

Milioudis, A. N.; G. T. Andreou and D. P. Labridis. (2011). High Impedance Fault Evaluation Using Narrowband Power Line Communication Techniques. IEEE Trondheim PowerTech, Trondheim, Norway, 1-6.

Ogboh, V. C.; E. A. Ezeakudo and E. C. Nwangugu. (2019). Wavelet Transform Technique for Fault Detection on Power System Transmission Line. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 3(3): 47-52.

Paul, M. and Debnath, S. (2020). Wavelet Based Single Ended Scheme for High Impedance Fault Classification in Transmission Lines. Paper presented at 2020 International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE), 157-162.

Sarwar, M.; F. Mehmood; M. Abid; A. Q. Khan; S. T. Gul and A. S. Khan. (2020). High Impedance Fault Detection and Isolation in Power Distribution Networks using Support Vector Machines. Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, 32(1): 524-535.

Sedighizadeh, M.; A. Rezazadeh and N. I. Elkalashy. (2010). Approaches in High Impedance Fault Detection; A Chronological Review. Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 10(3): 114-128.

Shah, J.; S. Desai and A. G. Shaik. (2018). Detection and Classification of High Impedance Faults in Transmission Line using Alienation-based Analysis on Voltage Signals. Paper presented at 3rd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), Pune, India, 1-6.

Sirojan, T.; S. Lu; B. T. Phung; D. Zhang and E. Ambikairajah. (2018). High Impedance Fault Detection by Convolutional Deep Neural Network. Paper presented at IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), Athens, Greece, 1-4.

Sulaiman, M. B.; A. H. Tawafan and Z. B. Ibrahim. (2013). Detection of High Impedance Fault Using a Probabilistic Neural-Network Classifier. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 53(2): 180-191.

Taheri, B.; S. A. Hosseini; S. Salehimehr and F. Razavi. (2019). A Novel Approach for Detection High Impedance Fault in DC Microgrid. Paper presented at 34th International Power System Conference (PSC2019), Tehran, Iran, 287-292.

Tang, T.; C. Huang; L. Hua; J. Zhu and Z. Zhang. (2018). Single-Phase High-Impedance Fault Protection for Low-Resistance Grounded Distribution Network. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 12(10): 2462-2470.

Theron, J. C. J.; A. Pal and A. Varghese. (2018). Tutorial on High Impedance Fault Detection. Paper presented at 71st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE), College Station, TX, USA, 1-23.

Torres, V.; S. Maximov; H. F. Ruiz and J. L. Guardado. (2013). Distributed Parameters Model for High-impedance Fault Detection and Localization in Transmission Lines, Electric Power Components and Systems, 41(14): 1311-1333.

Velmurugan, P. and Chattopadhayay, A. B. (2020). Rigorous Mathematical Steps for Sensitivity Analysis of High Impedance Ground Fault Detection in Power Distribution Systems. Velmurugan & Chattopadhayay, Cogent Engineering, 7 (1): 1-16.

Vico, J.; M. Adamiak; C. Wester and A. Kulshrestha. (2010). High Impedance Fault Detection on Rural Electric Distribution Systems. Paper presented at IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference (REPC), Orlando, FL, USA, 3-8.

Wang, S. and Dehghanian, P. (2020). On the Use of Artificial Intelligence for High Impedance Fault Detection and Electrical Safety. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 56(6): 7208-7216.

Wu, H. (2015). Study of High Impedance Fault Characteristics and Detection Methods. M.Eng Thesis, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Additional Files

Published

2022-06-30

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 2 (2022)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Nigerian Journal of Technological Development

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

In accordance with the Copyright Act of 1976, which became effective January 1, 1978, the following statement signed by each author must accompany the manuscript submitted: "I, the undersigned author, transfer all copyright ownership of the manuscript referenced above to the Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, in the event the work is published. I warrant that the article is original, does not infringe upon any copyright or other proprietary right of any third party, is not under consideration by another journal, and has not been published previously. I have reviewed and approve the submitted version of the manuscript and agree to its publication in the Nigerian Journal of Technological Development." A copyright transfer form should be downloaded from the NJTD Website ( http://njtd.com.ng/index.php/njtd). Author(s) will be consulted, whenever possible, regarding republication of material. All authors must have access to the data presented and the authors and sponsor (if applicable) must agree to share original data with the editor if requested.