Bathymetry Study of the Siltation Level of Lugu Dam Reservoir in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Lugu dam, Siltation, Topographic mapping, Rathymetric survey, ReservoirAbstract
This paper seeks to determine the siltation level of the Lugu dam reservoir, Sokoto State, Nigeria, using the bathymetric survey method. A total of eleven (11) ground control points were established over the study area using Hi-Target Global Navigation Satellite (GNS) Real-time Kinematic (RTK) System. The base station was set- up over the reference Bench Mark while the Rover station was moved around to predetermine locations of the ground control points. The depths to the Lugu dam reservoir bed, as well as its underwater topographic mapping with a section of the River Rima on the right flank of the reservoir area, across the collapsed spillway were conducted using Garmin Global Positioning System Map. This was mounted on a nine feet fibre boat to enhance the echo sounding. The result of the study was used to produce a digital elevation model, topographic contours and the area-elevation-capacity curve for the reservoir. This indicates that between elevations 260.5 m and 262 m, the available minimum and maximum designed storage capacities of Lugu dam reservoir ranges from 21.24 MCM and 34.25 MCM respectively. The Lugu dam reservoir maximum storage capacity at breached level stands at 25 MCM, while its active storage capacity is 20 MCM. This is to conclude that the amount of siltation at the reservoir is 9.25 MCM representing 27.01% indicating the difference between the maximum designed capacity and the current storage capacity. It is recommended that dredging be carried out to regain the initial designed storage capacity as this will no doubt put an end to the incessant flooding and erosion experienced in the area.
References
Ainsworth, R.G. (2005). World Water Storage in Man-Made Reservoirs. Foundation for Water Research, Bucks, SL7 IFD, UK
Ajith, A. V. (2016). Bathymetric Survey to Study the Sediment Deposit in Reservoir of Peechi Dam. Proceeding of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management, 3(1): 34-38
Arseni, M.; A. Roșu.; L. P. Georgescu; and G. Murariu. (2016). Single Beam Acoustic Depth Measurement Techniques and Bathymetric Mapping for Catusa Lakegalati. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati: Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics, 8(2): 281-287
Basson, G. R. (2009). Management of siltation in existing and new reservoirs. General Report. 89. Proc. of the 23rd Congress of the Int. Commission on Large Dams CIGB- ICOLD (vol. 2) Conf. 51-52
Calder, B. R. and L.A. Mayer. (2003). Automatic Processing of High-rate, High-density Multi Beam Echo sounder Data. Geochemistry Geophysics Geo-systems, 4(6): 1048 -1060.
Cantonati, M.; S. Poikane.; C.M Pringle.; L.E. Stevens.; E. Turak.; J. Heino and M. Ctvrtlíková. (2020). Characteristics, main impacts, and stewardship of natural and artificial freshwater environments: Consequences for biodiversity conservation, 12(1): 260-265.
Chanson, H. and D.P. James. (2005). Siltation of Australian Reservoirs: Some Observations and Dam Safety Implications. Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD4072, Australia, 13(2):55-63.
Chanson, H. and P. James. (1998). Rapid Reservoir Sedimentation of Four Historic Thin Arch Dams in Australia.Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE, 12 (2): 85-92.
Das, S. K.; R.K. Gupta and H.K. Varma. (2007). Flood and Drought Management through Water Resources Development in India. Bulletin of the World Meteorological Organization, 56(3): 179-188.
De Coning, E. and E. Poolman. (2011). South African Weather Service Operational Satellite based Precipitation Estimation Technique: Applications and Improvements. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(4): 1131-1145.
Dost, R. J. J. and C.M.M. Mannaerts. (2008). Generation of Lake Bathymetry using Sonar, Satellite Imagery and GIS. In Proceedings of the 2008 ESRI International user Conference: GIS, Geography in action. San Diego, Florida, 40(4): 981-997.
Elkhrachy, I. (2015). Flash Flood Hazard Mapping using Satellite images and GIS tools: a case study of Najran City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 18(2): 261-278.
Erena, M.; J.A. Domínguez.; J.F. Atenza.; S. García-Galiano.; J. Soria and A. P. Ruzafa. (2020). Bathymetry Time Series Using High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images, 12(2): 531-536.
Fitzpatrick, W. P.; W.C. Bogner and N.G. Bhowmik. (1987). Sedimentation and hydrologic processes in Lake Decatur and its watershed. Illinois State Water Survey, 4(7):234-239.
Hermance, J. F.; D.J. Augustine and J.D. Derner. (2015). quantifying characteristic growth dynamics in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem by predicting short-term NDVI phenology from daily rainfall: a simple four parameter coupled-reservoir model. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 36(22): 5637-5663.
Jakobsson, M.; R. Gyllencreutz; L.A. Mayer; J.A. Dowdeswell; M. Canals; B.J. Todd and R.D. Larter. (2016). Mapping submarine glacial landforms using acoustic methods. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 46(1): 17-40.
Joseph, K. S.; M.R. James; M.M. Bancy; N.M. Urbanus and O. Franklin. (2017). Duel Echo Sounder Bathymetric Survey for Enhance Management of Ruiru Reservoir, Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Research, 3(4): 113 118.
Ketut T. S.; K. Hairi; H.G. Putu and P. Hery. (2017). Small Rov Marine Boat for Bathymetry Surveys of Shallow Waters Potential Implementation in Malaysia. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-4/W5, (2017) GGT, 201-208.
Liebe, J.; N. Van De Giesen and M. Andreini. (2005). Estimation of small reservoir storage capacities in a semi-arid environment: A case study in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 30(6-7): 448-454.
Loucks, D. P. and E. van Beek. (2017). Water resources planning and management: An overview. In Water Resource Systems Planning and Management.1-49.
Mahmood, K. (1987). Reservoir sedimentation: Impact, Extent, and Mitigation (Tech. Rep. No. 5). International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC, USA
Menna, F.; P. Agrafiotis and Georgopoulos, A. (2018). State of the art and applications in archaeological underwater 3D recording and mapping. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 33: 231-248.
Misra, A. K. (2014). Climate change and Challenges of Water and Food Security. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 3(1): 153-165.
NEWMAP (2019): A Report by Nigeria Watershed Management Project on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Rehabilitation of Lugu Earth Dam Sokoto State, Nigeria
Oke, A. O.; K. Ogedengbe and A.S. Ajani. (2019). A Comparison of different methods for Bathymetric Survey and Sedimentation Evaluation of a Small Reservoir in Nigeria for Sustainable Management. Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID), 113(2): 181-195.
Parsons, D. R.; P.R. Jackson; J.A. Czuba; F.L. Engel; B.L. Rhoads; K.A. Oberg and J.D. Riley. (2013). Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT): A processing and visualization suite for moving‐vessel ADCP measurements. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38(11): 1244-1260.
Radwan, A.E. and E. Tarek. (2016). Bathymetric Study of Some Khors in Lake Nasser, Egypt. Lakes, Reservoirs and Ponds, 10(2): 139-158.
Radwan G. E. A. (2016). Bathymetric Study of Wadi El-Rayan Lakes, Egypt. Lakes, Reservoirs and Ponds, 10(2): 110-125.
Rahmani, V.; J.H. Kasten; F. DeNoyelles; M.E. Jakubauskas; E.A. Martinko; D.H. Huggins and A.J. Blackwood. (2018). Examining Storage Capacity loss and Sedimentation rate of Large Reservoirs in the Central US Great Plains. Water, 10(2): 190.
Rodrigues, L. N. and J. Liebe. (2013). Small Reservoirs depth-area-volume relationships in Savannah Regions of Brazil and Ghana. Water Resources and Irrigation Management-WRIM, 2(1): 1-10.
Sainson, S. (2017). Principles and Methods. In Electromagnetic Seabed Logging. 51-129
Sedlacek, J.; O. Bábek and O. Kielar. (2016). Sediment accumulation rates and high-resolution stratigraphy of recent fluvial suspension deposits in various fluvial settings, Morava River catchment area, Czech Republic. Geomorphology.254: 73-87.
Selvan M. B.; D. Arnab; K. Madhur and C. Piyush. (2013). A Review of Various Technologies for Depth Measurement in Estimating Reservoir Sedimentation International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. 2(10): 223 228.
Smith W. H. F. (1993). On the Accuracy of Digital Bathymetric Data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(B6): 9591- 9603.
WCD. (2000): The Report of the World Commission on Dams. London: World Commission on Dams/Earth Scan Publications.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nigerian Journal of Technological Development
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In accordance with the Copyright Act of 1976, which became effective January 1, 1978, the following statement signed by each author must accompany the manuscript submitted: "I, the undersigned author, transfer all copyright ownership of the manuscript referenced above to the Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, in the event the work is published. I warrant that the article is original, does not infringe upon any copyright or other proprietary right of any third party, is not under consideration by another journal, and has not been published previously. I have reviewed and approve the submitted version of the manuscript and agree to its publication in the Nigerian Journal of Technological Development." A copyright transfer form should be downloaded from the NJTD Website ( http://njtd.com.ng/index.php/njtd). Author(s) will be consulted, whenever possible, regarding republication of material. All authors must have access to the data presented and the authors and sponsor (if applicable) must agree to share original data with the editor if requested.
