Investigating the Effects of Pentanol and Biodiesel Blends on the Performance and Emission Characteristic of Compression Ignition Engine
Keywords:
Diesel, Biodiesel, Pentanol, Biofuel blends, Moringa oleifera seed, Engine emissionAbstract
Emissions from use of fossil fuels have consistently posed significant threat to the environment and wellbeing of man. This has prompted several studies aimed at finding solution to the emissions and their effects. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of adding pentanol and biodiesel from Moringa Oleifera seed to pure diesel content of 70% by volume. pentanol and biodiesel make up the remaining 30 percent by volume and were also varied, with pentanol percentage being increased from 2 percent to 8 percent so as to carefully monitored the effects of adding pentanol while the Moringa oleifera biodiesel made up the balance for the 30%. These blends were labelled according to the percentage composition of biodiesel and pentanol (B28P2, B26P4, B24P6, B24P6, and B22P8). The physicochemical properties of all blends such as viscosity, density, pour point, acid value and iodine value determined. From the result of the engine performance and emission tests, B24P6 blend has been noted to have the best engine performance parameters, haven shown the best engine brake power of 19.787 kW, and with the highest engine brake thermal efficiency of 19.78%.While in term of engine emission, B22P8 blend, have the lowest Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, with a value of 82.4994 ppm which is about 3% lower than that of pure diesel, while B26P4 have the lowest carbon monoxide (CO) emission among all the samples tested with value of 6.1556 ppm which is about 58% lower than that of Petro diesel. However, blends appeared to have good brake mean effective pressure except for B22P8 which have the lowest BMEP, that’s about 2.8% lower than that of Petro diesels. Conclusively, the addition of Moringa oleifera biodiesel with pentanol improved the diesel quality, yielding good improvement in engine performance and emission.
References
Ashok, B.; A. K. Jeevanantham; K. Nanthagopal; K. Saravanan; M. S., Kumar; Johny, A. and Abubakar, S. (2019). An experimental analysis on the effect of n-pentanol-Calophyllum Inophyllum Biodiesel binary blends in CI engine characteristcis. Energy, 173, 290-305.
Atabani, A. E.; M. Mofijur; H. H. Masjuki; I. A. Badruddin; Kalam, M. A. and Chong, W. T. (2014). Effect of Croton megalocarpus, Calophyllum inophyllum, Moringa oleifera, palm and coconut biodiesel–diesel blending on their physico-chemical properties. Industrial Crops and Products, 60, 130-137.
Campos-Fernandez, J.; J. M. Arnal; J. Gomez; Lacalle, N. and Dorado, M. P. (2013). Performance tests of a diesel engine fueled with pentanol/diesel fuel blends. Fuel, 107, 866-872.
Da Silva, J. P.; T. M. Serra; M., Gossmann; C.R., Wolf; Meneghetti, M. R. and Meneghetti, S. M. (2010). Moringa oleifera oil: studies of characterization and biodiesel production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34(10), 1527-1530.
Damanik, N.; H. C. Ong; C. W., Tong; Mahlia, T. M. I. and & Silitonga, A. S. (2018). A review on the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with biodiesel blends. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(16), 15307-15325.
Demirbas, A.; A. Bafail; Ahmad, W. and Sheikh, M. (2016). Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 34(2), 290-318.
Devarajan, Y.; babu M. D. & Nagappan, B. (2017). Emissions analysis on diesel engine fueled with cashew nut shell biodiesel and pentanol blends. Environmental science and pollution research, 24(14), 13136-13141.
Kaisan, M. U.; F.O. Anafi; J. Nuszkowski; Kulla, D. M., and Umaru, S. (2017). Calorific value, flash point and cetane number of biodiesels from cotton, jatropha and neem binary and multi-blends with diesel. Biofuels. 11(3), 321–327. doi: 10.1080/17597269.2017.1358944.
Kaisan, M. U.; S. Abubakar; B. Ashok; D. B., Balasubramanian; S. Narayan; Grujic, I., and Stojanovic, N. (2018). Comparative analyses of biodiesel produced from jatropha and neem seed oil using a gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy technique. Biofuels, 1-12.
Kaisan, M. U.; S. Abubakar; F.O. Anafi; S. Umaru; P.M. Shameer; Umar, U. A., and Mary, J. S. (2020a). Modelling and Simulation of Biodiesel from Various Feedstocks into Compression Ignition Engine. In Energy Recovery Processes from Wastes (pp. 101-113). Springer, Singapore.
Kaisan, M. U.; S., Abubakar; S. Umaru; B. S., Dhinesh; P.M. Shameer; Sekar, K. and & Mary, J. S. (2020b). Comparative Analysis of Experimental and Simulated Performance and Emissions of Compression Ignition Engine Using Biodiesel Blends. In Energy Recovery Processes from Wastes (pp. 85-100). Springer, Singapore.
Kaisan, M.U.; L.O. Yusuf; I.U. Ibrahim; Abubakar, S. and Narayan, S. (2020c). Effects of Propanol and Camphor Blended with Gasoline Fuel on the Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine. ACS omega, 5(41), pp.26454-26462.
Kaisan, M. U; A. Sanusi; Ibrahim, I.U. and Abubakar, S. (2020d). Effect of Butanol and Camphor Blended with Premium Motor Spirit on Performance and Emission of Spark Ignition Engine. Jurnal Mekanikal, 43, pp.77-94.
Mofijur, M.; H.H., Masjuki; M.A. Kalam; A. E.mAtabani; Fattah, I. R., and Mobarak, H. M. (2014). Comparative evaluation of performance and emission characteristics of Moringa oleifera and Palm oil based biodiesel in a diesel engine. Industrial crops and products, 53, 78-84.
Mofijur, M.; H. H. Masjuki; M.A. Kalam; M.G. Rasul; A.E. Atabani; Hazrat, M. A. and Mahmudul, H. M. (2015). Effect of biodiesel-diesel blending on physico-chemical properties of biodiesel produced from Moringa oleifera. Procedia Engineering, 105(Icte 2014), 665-69.
Tubino, M. and Aricetti, J. A. (2013) ‘A green potentiometric method for the determination of the iodine number of biodiesel’, Fuel, 103, 1158–1163. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.10.011
Wei, L. ; Cheung, C. S., & Huang, Z. (2014). Effect of n-pentanol addition on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine. Energy, 70, 172-180.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nigerian Journal of Technological Development
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In accordance with the Copyright Act of 1976, which became effective January 1, 1978, the following statement signed by each author must accompany the manuscript submitted: "I, the undersigned author, transfer all copyright ownership of the manuscript referenced above to the Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, in the event the work is published. I warrant that the article is original, does not infringe upon any copyright or other proprietary right of any third party, is not under consideration by another journal, and has not been published previously. I have reviewed and approve the submitted version of the manuscript and agree to its publication in the Nigerian Journal of Technological Development." A copyright transfer form should be downloaded from the NJTD Website ( http://njtd.com.ng/index.php/njtd). Author(s) will be consulted, whenever possible, regarding republication of material. All authors must have access to the data presented and the authors and sponsor (if applicable) must agree to share original data with the editor if requested.
