A Review of the Spark Plasma Sintering, Characterization, and Properties of Refractory Nitride-Reinforced Titanium-Based Composites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63746/njtd.v22i2.3346Keywords:
Titanium; Ti6Al4V alloy; Refractory nitrides; Titanium matrix composites; Spark plasma sinteringAbstract
Titanium alloys are highly favoured in aerospace production for their weight reduction benefits. However, they have several drawbacks, including low hardness, unsatisfactory tribological characteristics, low elastic modulus, and insufficient high-temperature performance (thermal degradation). Certain refractory nitrides, such as aluminium nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, and hexagonal boron nitride, are currently being explored as effective reinforcements to address these limitations, owing to their advantageous properties, including low density, high hardness, exceptional thermal conductivity, and superior wear resistance. This paper reviews the historical context of titanium and its alloys, detailing their classifications and the potential of titanium metal and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) matrix composites reinforced with refractory nitrides. It highlights spark plasma sintering (SPS) as a cutting-edge technique for fabricating these composite materials, enabling rapid densification with minimal grain growth. This is a significant improvement compared to traditional sintering methods. The utilization of refractory nitrides as potent reinforcements in various forms, either as individual or combined additives for the synthesis of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) via SPS and characterization of the synthesized TMCs represent a promising research direction with significant implications for aerospace applications and allied industries, aiming to enhance structural, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
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