Optimization of Oil Extraction from Flamboyant (Delonix regia) Seeds: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
kinetics and thermodynamics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v22i1.3236Keywords:
Extraction, Optimization, Kinetics, flamboyant seed, ThermodynamicsAbstract
The increasing demand for seed oils globally has prompted the exploration of alternative sources like those of non-edible underexploited agricultural seeds. Flamboyant seeds (FS) are promising options, requiring further research on extracting and using the oil effectively. This study investigates the optimization of oil extraction from FS through comprehensive kinetics and thermodynamics of the extraction process. The Flamboyant seed oil (FSO) was extracted using Soxhlet extractor, and the effect of temperature, time, solvent composition, and solvent type on the oil yield was investigated. The FSO was also characterized for potential uses. The maximum yield of 8.383% was achieved with a hexane-to-ethanol ratio of 1:0 at 65°C and an extraction time of 150 min. Central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 13.0.5.0 software optimised these conditions, with coefficient of determination values (R² = 0.9730). Physicochemical analyses revealed the oil's viscosity (19.8 mPa·s), acid value (10.92 mg KOH/g), and saponification value (209.81 mg KOH/g). The hyperbolic model best described the extraction kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters (i.e., change in enthalpy, ΔH = -250.962 kJ/mol, change in entropy, ΔS = 775.7295 J/mol·K, and Gibbs free energy, ΔG = -10.0691 kJ/mol) indicated an exothermic, with a positive entropy change suggesting increased randomness and a negative Gibbs free energy indicating spontaneous process. The study yielded valuable insights into optimization and potential for industrial applications of FSO.
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