Open-Automated Teller Machines for Dynamic Transactions and Data Access
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63746/njtd.v23i2.3804Keywords:
Automated Teller Machine, Open Systems, Cloud Computing, Software Defined Radios, Adaptive SystemsAbstract
The Automated Teller machine (ATM) is the workhorse of modern financial service delivery to end–users. The ATM is owned and deployed by a given financial service provider or bank. The bank’s account holders can access financial service providers via their ATM card. Individuals who operate accounts with other financial service providers can also use the ATM belonging to another financial service provider. However, this incurs an additional service charge. Individuals seek to execute more transactions on an ATM besides cash withdrawals. Some of these transactions are specific to a financial service provider and cannot be executed on the ATM of other financial service providers. This is challenging because financial service providers do not conduct significant cross–functional collaboration in ATM design and deployment. The discussion in this paper seeks to address this challenge and proposes the open–automated teller machine (O–ATM). The O–ATM incorporates software and hardware payload realized by the co–hosting of multiple financial services from different financial service providers. The discussion presents the proposed O–ATM, its entities and describes how the entities function and relate with each other. The role of the O–ATM in enhancing the access to data storage via cloud computing is also recognized. In addition, performance analysis shows that the use of the O-ATM enhances the ATM deployment density and cloud service reach by an average of 21.2%, and 63%, respectively.
References
K. Velayuthapandian, N. Murugan, and S. Paramasivan (2024). End-to-End CNN conceptual model for a biometric authentication mechanism for ATM machines. Discover Electronics, vol. 1, no. 1, Nov. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44291-024-00034-x.
S. Carbó-Valverde and F. Rodríguez-Fernández (2014). ATM withdrawals, debit card transactions at the point of sale and the demand for currency. SERIEs, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 399–417, Apr. 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-014-0107-9.
J.Ciaccio, and I.Onat (2025). An Analysis of ATM and Point of Sale Skimming. , Orion Forum Cyber Security and Info Technologies, April 25, 2025.
Kizito Paul Mubiru and M. N. Ssempijja (2024). ‘Modelling and optimization of ATM cash-loading under stochastic demand” Discover Analytics, vol. 2, no. 1, Sep. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44257-024-00023-0.
M. Suder, Tomasz Wójtowicz, R. Kusa, and H. Gurgul (2022). “Challenges for ATM management in times of market variability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis,” Central European Journal of Operations Research, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 445–465, Nov. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-022-00816-2.
M. Ayamga, B. Tekinerdogan, and A. Kassahun (2021). “Exploring the Challenges Posed by Regulations for the Use of Drones in Agriculture in the African Context,” Land, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 164, Feb. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020164.
O.Akinradewo, C.Aigbavboa, C.Emere, D. O. Ebiloma, O.Akinshipe, and A.Oke (2024). “Barriers to the Adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Construction Projects in South Africa,” vol. 11, pp. 12–12, Oct. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024076012.
A.O.Daoud, A. F. Kineber, N. Chileshe, A.Elmansoury, and Khaled (2025). “Investigating barriers to drones implementation in sustainable construction using PLS-SEM,” Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, Jun. 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76470-2.
M. E. Rana and L. Z. Ji (2023). “The Role and Potential Applications of Cloud Computing in the Banking Industry” IEEE Xplore, Jan. 01, 2023. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10099662/ .
E. Greene (2018). “NAB and Microsoft leverage AI technology to build card-less ATM concept - Source Asia (2018), Source Asia, Oct. 21, 2018. https://news.microsoft.com/source/asia/2018/10/22/nab-and-microsoft-leverage-ai-technology-to-build-card-less-atm-concept/ (accessed Jul. 02, 2025).
SBS (2023). “The Future of ATM Applications - SBSinnovate,” Sbsinnovate.com, 2023. https://www.sbsinnovate.com/en/blog/the-future-of-atm-applications-how-modern-technology-is-transforming-cash-transactions (accessed Jul. 02, 2025).
H.Patil, V.Mahandule, L.Khachane, and S. Narkehde (2024). ‘Multi-Banking ATM Services using biometrics,’ Management Science Letters, Vol..14, 2024, pp 219 – 226.
F. Rahaman Chowdhury, M. Masum Alam Nahid, F. Chowdhury, M. Masum, U. Cali, and M. Sadek Ferdous (2025). “Self-Sovereign Identity Empowered Automated Teller Machines,” IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 203444–203480, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3638625.
F. A. Nafis, M. Fahomida, Md. S. Sakib Alvi, and S. T. Salim Rafid (2025). “SBIoT-ATM: Secure Blockchain-IoT Framework for Next-Generation Automated Teller Machine Security,” 2025 28th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), pp. 1720–1725, Dec. 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/iccit68739.2025.11490155.
P.Sergiv, B.Dmytro, and S.Yevheniia (2025). “Using the video channel of ATM devices to enhance the level of cybersecurity during customer interactions,” Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 64, pp. 171–176, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2025.64.171-176.
J. Garcia(2025). “A Comprehensive Study on the Implementation of Fingerprint-Based Biometric Systems in ATMs for Secure and Efficient Banking Transactions,” Ssrn.com, May 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5328051.
T. Paul (2025). “Internet of Things and 5G are the revolution to the banking industry using neuro-fuzzy technique,” Discover Computing, vol. 28, no. 1, May 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09543-z.
O. Runsewe, O. S. Osundare, S. Olaoluwa, and L. Anthony (2024). “Optimizing user interface and user experience in financial applications: A review of techniques and technologies,” World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 934–942, Sep. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2633.
A. Ali (2025). “Fintech & Digitilization of Banking: User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) of Fintech Apps Chair of Banking and Finance Influence of UX/UI Design on User Satisfaction and Engagement in Pakistani Fintech Apps,” Jan. 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.12301.65765.
S. Xu, L. Jiang, and B. Gu (2025). “Design and Validation of a Smart Neuromorphic System Architecture for Algorithmic Trading,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Integrated Circuit Design and Integrated Systems, pp. 127–136, Sep. 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3772326.3774721.
Stavros Eleftherakis, Domenico Giustiniano, and N. Kourtellis (2025). “SoK: Evaluating 5G-Advanced Protocols Against Legacy and Emerging Privacy and Security Attacks,” pp. 196–210, Jun. 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3734477.3734716.
O. Lasierra, Gines Garcia-Aviles, E. Municio, A. Skarmeta, and X. Costa-Pérez (2023). “European 5G Security in the Wild: Reality versus Expectations,” WiSec '23: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, Pages 13 – 18,May 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3558482.3581776.
S. S. Abdul-Jabbar, S. N. Kadhim, A. H. Alharbi, M. M. Eid, and E.-S. M. El-kenawy (2026). “A new secure approach for AI-based compression across various domains,” Scientific Reports, May 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50271-1.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nigerian Journal of Technological Development
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In accordance with the Copyright Act of 1976, which became effective January 1, 1978, the following statement signed by each author must accompany the manuscript submitted: "I, the undersigned author, transfer all copyright ownership of the manuscript referenced above to the Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, in the event the work is published. I warrant that the article is original, does not infringe upon any copyright or other proprietary right of any third party, is not under consideration by another journal, and has not been published previously. I have reviewed and approved the submitted version of the manuscript and agree to its publication in the Nigerian Journal of Technological Development." A copyright transfer form can be downloaded from the NJTD Website (http://njtd.com.ng/index.php/njtd). Author(s) will be consulted, whenever possible, regarding republication of material. All authors must have access to the data presented, and the authors and sponsor (if applicable) must agree to share original data with the editor if requested.
