Ballast Water Treatment Using Modified Cow-Dung and Plantain Peels NanoBiochars
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63746/njtd.v22i5.3390Keywords:
Ballast water, Ballast water treatment, Cow dung adsorbent, Plantain peel adsorbent.Abstract
Ballast water treatment is a crucial aspect of environmental protection, aiming to minimize the transfer of non-indigenous species. In this study, Biochar Klin pyrolyzer, was used to prepare the nanobiochars from cow-dung and plantain peels followed by ball-milling, and centrifugation. The nanobiochars were subjected to acidic and alkaline treatments and then characterized for their physico-chemical properties, as well as the ballast water using prescribed standard methods. The pre-treatment analysis of the ballast water sample revealed a pH of 9.2, chloride ion concentration of 68.7 mg/L (well below the WHO standard of 250 mg/L), nitrate concentration of 5.6 mg/L (above the WHO standard of 3.2 mg/L), and sulphate concentration of 3.2 mg/L (below the WHO standard of 250 mg/L). The BOD and COD levels were 28.6 mg/L and 54.2 mg/L, respectively, both significantly exceeding the WHO standard of 10 mg/L. Post-treatment examination revealed that the modified plantain peel biochar effectively reduced the concentration of pollutants( Lead (Pb2+) from 0.314mg/L to 0.104mg/L, Cadmium ( Cd2+) from 0.028mg/L to 0.025mg/L) and microbial organisms (coliforms from 2.1cfu/mL to 1.1cfu/mL) thereby demonstrating its potential as a sustainable and cost-effective treatment solution. Activated adsorbent's larger surface area and nanoporous structure significantly enhanced its adsorption capacity.
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